Perintah Dasar router Cisco

Berikut perintah dasar (basic commands) router Cisco (IOS) yang paling sering dipakai, lengkap dengan contoh singkat.

1) Mode & Navigasi

• Masuk privileged mode
  enable
• Masuk global configuration
  configure terminal (atau conf t)
• Keluar satu level / selesai konfigurasi
  exit / end
• Simpan konfigurasi (wajib biar tidak hilang setelah reboot)
  write memory (atau wr)
  copy running-config startup-config

2) Bantuan & Cek Perintah

• Bantuan konteks
  ?
• Lihat opsi perintah
  show ?
• Autocomplete
  tekan Tab
• Lihat history command
  show history
• Jalankan perintah dengan filter
  show running-config | include <kata>
show running-config | section <bagian>

3) Identitas & Keamanan Dasar

• Set hostname

  conf t
  hostname R1
  

• Password enable (lebih aman pakai “secret”)

  enable secret <password>
  

• Password console

  line console 0
  password <password>
  login
  

• Password VTY (telnet/ssh)

  line vty 0 4
  password <password>
  login
  

• Enkripsi password di config
  service password-encryption
• Banner (peringatan)
  banner motd #Akses Terbatas!#

4) Konfigurasi Interface (IP Address)

• Lihat interface
  show ip interface brief
• Masuk interface dan set IP

  conf t
  interface gigabitEthernet0/0
  ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
  no shutdown
  

• Deskripsi interface (biar rapi)
  description Ke LAN
• Cek status detail interface
  show interfaces g0/0

5) Routing Dasar

A. Static route

• Default route (ke Internet/upstream)

  ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 <next-hop>
  

  Contoh:
  ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.10.10.1

• Route ke network tertentu
  ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 10.10.10.2

B. Cek routing table

• show ip route

6) DHCP Server di Router (Umum di Lab)

conf t
ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.20
ip dhcp pool LAN
 network 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0
 default-router 192.168.1.1
 dns-server 8.8.8.8

Cek:

• show ip dhcp binding
• show ip dhcp pool

7) NAT (Sering untuk konek Internet)

Contoh NAT overload (PAT):

conf t
access-list 1 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255

interface g0/0
 ip nat inside
interface g0/1
 ip nat outside

ip nat inside source list 1 interface g0/1 overload

Cek:

• show ip nat translations
• show ip nat statistics

8) Monitoring & Troubleshooting

• Ping
  ping 8.8.8.8
• Traceroute
  traceroute 8.8.8.8
• Lihat running config
  show running-config
• Lihat startup config
  show startup-config
• Lihat log
  show logging
• Debug (hati-hati, bisa berat)
  debug ip icmp
  Matikan debug: undebug all

9) Reset / Reboot

• Reload (reboot)
  reload
• Hapus startup config (reset konfigurasi)
  erase startup-config (atau write erase)
  lalu reload